HIPAA-Compliant Patient Data Encryption Middleware for MongoDB

Design a Node.js middleware that automatically encrypts and decrypts patient health records in a MongoDB database while maintaining FIPS 140-2 compliance. Create a solution that handles AES-256 encryption for sensitive fields like medical history, diagnoses, and personal identifiers. Implement key rotation mechanisms and ensure the middleware supports both write and read operations without compromising performance, with explicit error handling for potential cryptographic failures.